ADVERB in Hindi – Definition and Examples

Adverb Definition (क्रिया विशेषण) :-

Adverb (क्रिया विशेषण) वाक्य में ऐसा शब्द है जो Verb, Adjective, दुसरे Adverb, Adverbial phrase या पुरे वाक्य को विशेषता प्रदान करता है/संशोधित करता है/उसके अर्थ में कुछ वृद्धि/परिवर्तन करता है।

An adverb is that word in a sentence which modifies the meaning of verb or adjective or another adverb or adverbial phrase.

Noun या Pronoun की विशेषता प्रकट करने के लिए Adjective का प्रयोग करना पढता हैं जबकि किसी Verb, Adjective या अन्य Adverb की विशेषता प्रकट करने के लिए Adverb का प्रयोग करना पढता हैं

Examples of Adverb :-

1. He ran fast.
   “Fast” शब्द Adverbs है, Verb, ran को संशोधित करता है।
   
   
2. These are very sweet mangoes.
   “very” शब्द Adverbs है, Adjective, sweet को संशोधित करता है।
   
   
3. He speaks very loudly.
   “very” शब्द Adverbs है,Adverb, loudly को संशोधित करता है।
   
   
4. He was sitting close beside her
   “close” शब्द Adverbs है, Adverbial phrase, beside her को संशोधित करता है।
   

सभी bold शब्द Adverbs है।

Some of Examples of Adverb Words :- never, always, fast, slow, very, slowly, loudly, silently, in, out, without, today, badly, fluently, twice, yesterday, before, ago, bravely, close, everywhere, anywhere, outside आदि.

जब Adverb का प्रयोग वाक्य(sentence) के शुरू में होता है तो वह सारे वाक्य (sentence) को संशोधित करता है।

जैसे :–

(a) Certainly she is right.

(b) Fortunately we escaped unhurt.

Adverb Types (क्रिया विशेषण का प्रकार) and Examples in Hindi :-

Adverb को 9 प्रमुख वर्गों में विभाजित किया गया है. 

1. Adverb of Time (काल वाचक क्रिया विशेषण) 
2. Adverb of Place (स्थान वाचक क्रिया विशेषण)
3. Adverb of Frequency (बारम्बारता वाचक क्रिया विशेषण)
4. Adverb of Manner (रिती वाचक क्रिया विशेषण)
5. Adverb of Degree (परिणाम वाचक क्रिया विशेषण)
6. Interrogative Adverbs (प्रश्नवाचक क्रियाविशेषण)
7. Relative adverbs (सम्बन्धवाचक क्रियाविशेषण)
8. Adverb of Affirmation and Negation (सकारात्मक या नकारात्मक क्रिया विशेषण)
9. Adverb of Sentence ( वाक्य वाचक क्रिया विशेषण)

Adverbs को सामान्यतया तीन भागों में वर्गीकृत किया गया है

(1) Adverb of Time (काल वाचक क्रिया विशेषण)  :-

ऐसे क्रिया विशेषण (Adverb) जो समय (Time) को व्यक्त करता हो या जिसमे समय का बोध हो, वह Adverb of Time कहलाता है|

Example Words of Adverb of Time :- Daily, since, today, yesterday, tomorrow, ago, now, then, just now, before, just, early, late, soon, shortly, immediately, recently, instantly, after tomorrow, already, next year इत्यादि इसके उदाहरण है. 

ये कार्य के सम्पन्न होने के समय को व्यक्त करते हैं।

Example:-

• We will be back tomorrow.
• They saw me yesterday.
• Rajesh will soon return.
• Do it now.
• How do you always come on time? 
• We went yesterday.
• I have seen her before.
• Sanjay arrived late.
• Do you go to school daily
• This old women came to my house last night
• He come late

जैसे:- He comes late. ( वह देर से आती है.)

• प्रश्न: वह कब आता है.
• उत्तर: देर से

वाक्य में “कब” लगाकर प्रश्न करने पर Adverb of time का पता चलता है.

(2). Adverb of Place (स्थान वाचक क्रिया विशेषण) :-

ऐसे क्रिया विशेषण (Adverb) जो स्थान (Place) को व्यक्त करता हो या जिसमे स्थान (Place) का बोध हो, वह Adverb of Place कहलाता है|

Example Words of Adverb of Place :- Here, there, indoors, outdoors, outside, out, near, away, far, inside, down, up, in, somewhere, nowhere, anywhere, within, everywhere, without इत्यादि Adverb of Place के उदाहरण है.

1. I want to go somewhere today.
2. The old man fell down
3. Go there.
4. The teacher is out.
5. You may come in
6. My brother is out of station. 
7. He looked up.
8. There is air everywhere.
9. He was sitting here.
   
   

(3) Adverb of Frequency/Number (बारम्बारता वाचक क्रिया विशेषण) :-

Adverb of Frequency ऐसा क्रिया विशेषण (Adverb) है जो यह बोध कराता है कि किसी कार्य के होने की संख्या (number ) तथा वह कार्य कितनी बार (Frequency) हुआ है . 

Adverbs of frequency tell how frequent and how many times an action is done

Example Words of Adverb of Frequency :- Frequently, once, twice, firstly, secondly, again, never, sometimes, seldom, always, often, secondly, hardly, thirdly इत्यादि Adverb of Frequency के उदाहरण है. 

1. I go to there frequently.
2. Mr. Ramesh never visit our office
3. He always wear cap
4. We really find such people. 
5. Do not do it again
6. I never visit movies. 
7. He has not seen her once.
8. Take this medicine twice a day
9. The teacher called again.
10. She seldom dances.
11. Children often makes mistakes.
    
    

(4) Adverb of Manner (रिती वाचक क्रिया विशेषण) :-

Adverb of Manner ऐसा क्रिया विशेषण (Adverb) जो यहाँ बताता हैं कि कोई कार्य किस प्रकार से ( in what manner) सम्पन्न हुआ है या किसी कार्य के सम्पन्न होने के ढंग या रिती का पता चलता है|

Example Words of Adverb of Manner :- Fast, Beautifully, badly, loudly, quickly, clearly, timidly, sweetly, bravely, easily, carefully, any how, wisely, foolishly, certainly, doubtfully, well इत्यादि Adverb of Manner के उदाहरण है|

Examples :-

1. He runs fast
2. He speaks loudly. 
3. This book is well written.
4. They speaks carefully.
5. He worked hard.
6. The horse runs fast.
7. She walks beautifully. 
8. Old people walks slowly
9. She never speak loudly in front of his parents
10. He behave badly
11. He sleep soundly
    
    

(5) Adverb of Degree or Quantity (परिणाम वाचक क्रिया विशेषण) :-

ये adverbs क्रिया(verb) की मात्रा (quantity), विस्तार, क्षेत्र (area), degree of action को व्यक्त करते हैं।

Adverbs that express quantity, degree of action, area and extent of an adjective or adverb.

Example Words of Adverb of Degree or Quantity :- Fully, enough, Almost, very, quite, too, whole, pretty, partly, rather, so, well, nearly इत्यादि Adverb of Degree के उदाहरण है. 

Examples :-

1. She is extremely beautiful.
2. They are quite handsome.
3. You are right to a great extent.
4. You are partly right. 
5. Indian cricket team is full of energy
6. Whole world appreciate India Democracy
7. Rahul is too careless
8. They have enough food to survive 10 days
9. Rahul was nearly to finish home work
   
   

(6). Interrogative Adverbs(प्रश्नवाचक क्रियाविशेषण)

ये Adverbs, प्रश्न करने हेतु प्रयुक्त होते है।

जैसे:- When, how, what, where, how much, how long how many etc.

1. What is your name?
2. When did he come?
3. Where are you going?
4. How are you?

सभी bold शब्द Interrogative Adverbs है जो प्रश्न करने हेतु प्रयुक्त हुए है।

(7). Relative Adverbs (सम्बन्धवाचक क्रियाविशेषण) :-

जब Interrogative Adverbs का प्रयोग दो वाक्यों (Sentences) को जोड़ने के लिए होता है, वे Relative adverbs कहलाते है|

When interrogative adverb is used to used to join two sentences, they are called Relative Adverbs.

इस तरह के Adverbs हैं: What, When, Where, Why, How Whatever, Whither, Wherever, Whence etc.

Examples :-

1. I know where she lives.
2. This is the place where King lived.
3. I understand the point what you say.
4. I remember the house, where he lived.
5. I forgot the time, when Puja Express arrives.
6. I know the time when he came.
   

उपरोक्त वाक्यों में Where, What, Where, When Relative Adverbs है जो दो वाक्यों (Sentences) के साथ सम्बन्ध को व्यक्त करते हैं।

(8). Adverb of Affirmation and Negation (सकारात्मक या नकारात्मक क्रिया विशेषण) :-

जो Adverbs सकारात्मक (Affirmation) या नकारात्मक (Negation) उत्तर व्यक्त करते हैं, उन्हें Adverbs of Affirmation या Negation कहा जाता है. 

इस तरह के Adverbs हैं: Certainly, surely, seldom, never, always, never, don’t, Not, indeed, by, no, means, not at all, yes-no, probably, definitely इत्यादि Adverb of Affirmation and Negation के उदाहरण है. 

जो सकारात्मकता (affirmation) उत्तर को व्यक्त करते हैं उन्हें Adverb of affirmation कहते हैं एवं जो नकारात्मकता (Negation) (never, don’t etc.) उत्तर को व्यक्त करते हैं उन्हें Adverb of Negation कहते हैं।

Examples :-

1. Surely she is right. 
2. Probably she will join meeting
3. I did not play there.
4. Yes, he will come in time. 
5. Probably, India will win this match. 
6. She is certainly alive.
7. He did not come after all. 
8. I do not know her.